Surah 51 · Meccan · 60 Verses
الذاريات
SURAH ADH-DHARIYAT
The Winnowing Winds
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بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
وَٱلذَّٰرِيَٰتِ ذَرْوًۭا
By the [winds] scattering [dust], dispersing [it]
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فَٱلْحَٰمِلَٰتِ وِقْرًۭا
And the [clouds] carrying a load [of water]
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فَٱلْجَٰرِيَٰتِ يُسْرًۭا
And the ships sailing with ease
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فَٱلْمُقَسِّمَٰتِ أَمْرًا
And the [angels] apportioning [each] matter,
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إِنَّمَا تُوعَدُونَ لَصَادِقٌۭ
Indeed, what you are promised is true.
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وَإِنَّ ٱلدِّينَ لَوَٰقِعٌۭ
And indeed, the recompense is to occur.
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يُؤْفَكُ عَنْهُ مَنْ أُفِكَ
Deluded away from it [i.e., the Qur’ān] is he who is deluded.
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ٱلَّذِينَ هُمْ فِى غَمْرَةٍۢ سَاهُونَ
Who are within a flood [of confusion] and heedless.
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يَسْـَٔلُونَ أَيَّانَ يَوْمُ ٱلدِّينِ
They ask, "When is the Day of Recompense?"
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يَوْمَ هُمْ عَلَى ٱلنَّارِ يُفْتَنُونَ
[It is] the Day they will be tormented over the Fire
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ذُوقُوا۟ فِتْنَتَكُمْ هَٰذَا ٱلَّذِى كُنتُم بِهِۦ تَسْتَعْجِلُونَ
[And will be told], "Taste your torment. This is that for which you were impatient."
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إِنَّ ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ فِى جَنَّٰتٍۢ وَعُيُونٍ
Indeed, the righteous will be among gardens and springs,
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ءَاخِذِينَ مَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا۟ قَبْلَ ذَٰلِكَ مُحْسِنِينَ
Accepting what their Lord has given them. Indeed, they were before that doers of good.
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كَانُوا۟ قَلِيلًۭا مِّنَ ٱلَّيْلِ مَا يَهْجَعُونَ
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وَبِٱلْأَسْحَارِ هُمْ يَسْتَغْفِرُونَ
And in the hours before dawn they would ask forgiveness,
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وَفِىٓ أَمْوَٰلِهِمْ حَقٌّۭ لِّلسَّآئِلِ وَٱلْمَحْرُومِ
And from their properties was [given] the right of the [needy] petitioner and the deprived.
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وَفِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ءَايَٰتٌۭ لِّلْمُوقِنِينَ
And on the earth are signs for the certain [in faith]
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وَفِىٓ أَنفُسِكُمْ ۚ أَفَلَا تُبْصِرُونَ
And in yourselves. Then will you not see?
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وَفِى ٱلسَّمَآءِ رِزْقُكُمْ وَمَا تُوعَدُونَ
And in the heaven is your provision and whatever you are promised.
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فَوَرَبِّ ٱلسَّمَآءِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ إِنَّهُۥ لَحَقٌّۭ مِّثْلَ مَآ أَنَّكُمْ تَنطِقُونَ
Then by the Lord of the heaven and earth, indeed, it is truth - just as [sure as] it is that you are speaking.
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هَلْ أَتَىٰكَ حَدِيثُ ضَيْفِ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ ٱلْمُكْرَمِينَ
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إِذْ دَخَلُوا۟ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالُوا۟ سَلَٰمًۭا ۖ قَالَ سَلَٰمٌۭ قَوْمٌۭ مُّنكَرُونَ
When they entered upon him and said, "[We greet you with] peace." He answered, "[And upon you] peace; [you are] a people unknown."
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فَرَاغَ إِلَىٰٓ أَهْلِهِۦ فَجَآءَ بِعِجْلٍۢ سَمِينٍۢ
Then he went to his family and came with a fat [roasted] calf.
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فَقَرَّبَهُۥٓ إِلَيْهِمْ قَالَ أَلَا تَأْكُلُونَ
And placed it near them; he said, "Will you not eat?"
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فَأَوْجَسَ مِنْهُمْ خِيفَةًۭ ۖ قَالُوا۟ لَا تَخَفْ ۖ وَبَشَّرُوهُ بِغُلَٰمٍ عَلِيمٍۢ
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فَأَقْبَلَتِ ٱمْرَأَتُهُۥ فِى صَرَّةٍۢ فَصَكَّتْ وَجْهَهَا وَقَالَتْ عَجُوزٌ عَقِيمٌۭ
And his wife approached with a cry [of alarm] and struck her face and said, "[I am] a barren old woman!"
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قَالُوا۟ كَذَٰلِكِ قَالَ رَبُّكِ ۖ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلْحَكِيمُ ٱلْعَلِيمُ
They said, "Thus has said your Lord; indeed, He is the Wise, the Knowing."
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۞ قَالَ فَمَا خَطْبُكُمْ أَيُّهَا ٱلْمُرْسَلُونَ
[Abraham] said, "Then what is your business [here], O messengers?"
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قَالُوٓا۟ إِنَّآ أُرْسِلْنَآ إِلَىٰ قَوْمٍۢ مُّجْرِمِينَ
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لِنُرْسِلَ عَلَيْهِمْ حِجَارَةًۭ مِّن طِينٍۢ
To send down upon them stones of clay,
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مُّسَوَّمَةً عِندَ رَبِّكَ لِلْمُسْرِفِينَ
Marked in the presence of your Lord for the transgressors."
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فَأَخْرَجْنَا مَن كَانَ فِيهَا مِنَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
So We brought out whoever was in them [i.e., the cities] of the believers.
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فَمَا وَجَدْنَا فِيهَا غَيْرَ بَيْتٍۢ مِّنَ ٱلْمُسْلِمِينَ
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وَتَرَكْنَا فِيهَآ ءَايَةًۭ لِّلَّذِينَ يَخَافُونَ ٱلْعَذَابَ ٱلْأَلِيمَ
And We left therein a sign for those who fear the painful punishment.
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وَفِى مُوسَىٰٓ إِذْ أَرْسَلْنَٰهُ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ بِسُلْطَٰنٍۢ مُّبِينٍۢ
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فَتَوَلَّىٰ بِرُكْنِهِۦ وَقَالَ سَٰحِرٌ أَوْ مَجْنُونٌۭ
But he turned away with his supporters and said, "A magician or a madman."
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فَأَخَذْنَٰهُ وَجُنُودَهُۥ فَنَبَذْنَٰهُمْ فِى ٱلْيَمِّ وَهُوَ مُلِيمٌۭ
So We took him and his soldiers and cast them into the sea, and he was blameworthy.
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وَفِى عَادٍ إِذْ أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلرِّيحَ ٱلْعَقِيمَ
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مَا تَذَرُ مِن شَىْءٍ أَتَتْ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا جَعَلَتْهُ كَٱلرَّمِيمِ
It left nothing of what it came upon but that it made it like disintegrated ruins.
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وَفِى ثَمُودَ إِذْ قِيلَ لَهُمْ تَمَتَّعُوا۟ حَتَّىٰ حِينٍۢ
And in Thamūd, when it was said to them, "Enjoy yourselves for a time."
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فَعَتَوْا۟ عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّهِمْ فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ ٱلصَّٰعِقَةُ وَهُمْ يَنظُرُونَ
But they were insolent toward the command of their Lord, so the thunderbolt seized them while they were looking on.
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فَمَا ٱسْتَطَٰعُوا۟ مِن قِيَامٍۢ وَمَا كَانُوا۟ مُنتَصِرِينَ
And they were unable to arise, nor could they defend themselves.
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وَقَوْمَ نُوحٍۢ مِّن قَبْلُ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا۟ قَوْمًۭا فَٰسِقِينَ
And [We destroyed] the people of Noah before; indeed, they were a people defiantly disobedient.
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وَٱلسَّمَآءَ بَنَيْنَٰهَا بِأَيْي۟دٍۢ وَإِنَّا لَمُوسِعُونَ
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وَٱلْأَرْضَ فَرَشْنَٰهَا فَنِعْمَ ٱلْمَٰهِدُونَ
And the earth We have spread out, and excellent is the preparer.
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وَمِن كُلِّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقْنَا زَوْجَيْنِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ
And of all things We created two mates [i.e., counterparts]; perhaps you will remember.
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فَفِرُّوٓا۟ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ ۖ إِنِّى لَكُم مِّنْهُ نَذِيرٌۭ مُّبِينٌۭ
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About This Surah
Surah Adh-Dhariyat affirms judgment, points to signs on earth and within human beings, and states that provision and what people are promised are with God. It recounts Abraham’s honored guests and several earlier communities, then declares that jinn and humans were created to worship God. Dependence and purpose frame the chapter.
The opening swears by winds and forces carrying, distributing and moving by command. Interpretive identifications should be sourced rather than asserted from English labels alone.
People of reverence are described as sleeping little, seeking forgiveness before dawn and recognizing a right in their wealth for those who ask and those deprived. Worship is connected to generosity.
The chapter directs readers to signs in earth and within themselves. It then says that provision and the promised outcome are in heaven. This should not become a marketing promise that recitation automatically produces wealth.
Abraham’s guests arrive unexpectedly. He brings food, becomes uneasy when they do not eat and receives news of a knowledgeable son. The guests then travel toward a people facing judgment.
Brief references follow to Moses and Pharaoh, ‘Ad, Thamud and Noah. These compressed narratives rely on wider Quranic context and should not be expanded carelessly.
The chapter calls people to flee toward God and avoid associating partners. It explains the shared accusation of sorcery or madness against messengers.
The statement that humans and jinn were created to worship God is followed by divine independence: God does not need provision from them. Worship fulfills created purpose, not divine need.
The statement that provision is in heaven and the assurance that God is the Provider teach dependence and divine sovereignty.
They do not guarantee wealth, remove the duty to work and plan, or condemn people experiencing unemployment and poverty.
Abraham’s hospitality shows generous welcome, while the visitors’ extraordinary identity remains within revelation.
Lot’s punishment narrative does not authorize harassment, private punishment, or collective blame toward contemporary people.
Core Themes
- Accountability is certain despite delay.
- Private worship should produce social generosity.
- Creation includes signs in world and self.
- Provision belongs to divine authority.
- Prophetic rejection follows recurring patterns.
- Worship answers human purpose, not divine need.
Structure
Verses 1-14: Oaths and accountability — 1-14
This movement covers oaths and accountability in Surah Adh-Dhariyat. Read verses 1-14 as a connected section whose placement, transitions, and stated limits govern responsible interpretation rather than isolating one phrase as a ruling or promise.
Verses 15-23: Devotion, generosity and signs — 15-23
This movement covers devotion, generosity and signs in Surah Adh-Dhariyat. Read verses 15-23 as a connected section whose placement, transitions, and stated limits govern responsible interpretation rather than isolating one phrase as a ruling or promise.
Verses 24-37: Abraham’s guests — 24-37
This movement covers abraham’s guests in Surah Adh-Dhariyat. Read verses 24-37 as a connected section whose placement, transitions, and stated limits govern responsible interpretation rather than isolating one phrase as a ruling or promise.
Verses 38-46: Moses, ‘Ad, Thamud and Noah — 38-46
This movement covers moses, ‘ad, thamud and noah in Surah Adh-Dhariyat. Read verses 38-46 as a connected section whose placement, transitions, and stated limits govern responsible interpretation rather than isolating one phrase as a ruling or promise.
Verses 47-60: Creation, prophetic pattern and purpose of worship — 47-60
This movement covers creation, prophetic pattern and purpose of worship in Surah Adh-Dhariyat. Read verses 47-60 as a connected section whose placement, transitions, and stated limits govern responsible interpretation rather than isolating one phrase as a ruling or promise.
Reading Guide
Reading step 1
Source the opening oath interpretations. Keep the cited passage, its immediate sequence, and the interpretation limits visible before applying it to a contemporary question.
Reading step 2
Read provision language without prosperity guarantees. Keep the cited passage, its immediate sequence, and the interpretation limits visible before applying it to a contemporary question.
Reading step 3
Connect early-morning devotion to financial responsibility. Keep the cited passage, its immediate sequence, and the interpretation limits visible before applying it to a contemporary question.
Reading step 4
Keep compressed punishment stories within wider context. Keep the cited passage, its immediate sequence, and the interpretation limits visible before applying it to a contemporary question.
Key Passages
Devotion and the right of the deprived — 15-19
This passage addresses devotion and the right of the deprived. Read the cited verses in their immediate sequence and alongside the surah’s wider argument; the description does not become a stand-alone legal ruling, diagnosis, prediction, private enforcement power, or guaranteed worldly result.
Signs and provision — 20-23
This passage addresses signs and provision. Read the cited verses in their immediate sequence and alongside the surah’s wider argument; the description does not become a stand-alone legal ruling, diagnosis, prediction, private enforcement power, or guaranteed worldly result.
Abraham’s guests — 24-30
This passage addresses Abraham’s guests. Read the cited verses in their immediate sequence and alongside the surah’s wider argument; the description does not become a stand-alone legal ruling, diagnosis, prediction, private enforcement power, or guaranteed worldly result.
Mission toward Lot’s people — 31-37
This passage addresses mission toward Lot’s people. Read the cited verses in their immediate sequence and alongside the surah’s wider argument; the description does not become a stand-alone legal ruling, diagnosis, prediction, private enforcement power, or guaranteed worldly result.
Earlier peoples — 38-46
This passage addresses earlier peoples. Read the cited verses in their immediate sequence and alongside the surah’s wider argument; the description does not become a stand-alone legal ruling, diagnosis, prediction, private enforcement power, or guaranteed worldly result.
Heaven and created pairs — 47-49
This passage addresses heaven and created pairs. Read the cited verses in their immediate sequence and alongside the surah’s wider argument; the description does not become a stand-alone legal ruling, diagnosis, prediction, private enforcement power, or guaranteed worldly result.
Fleeing toward God — 50-51
This passage addresses fleeing toward God. Read the cited verses in their immediate sequence and alongside the surah’s wider argument; the description does not become a stand-alone legal ruling, diagnosis, prediction, private enforcement power, or guaranteed worldly result.
Purpose and divine independence — 56-58
This passage addresses purpose and divine independence. Read the cited verses in their immediate sequence and alongside the surah’s wider argument; the description does not become a stand-alone legal ruling, diagnosis, prediction, private enforcement power, or guaranteed worldly result.
Recitation Note
No exclusive time, fixed repetition count, or guaranteed worldly outcome is asserted here for reciting Surah Adh-Dhariyat. Reading it is worship and study; any claim about protection, healing, provision, marriage, political success, or a prescribed number requires separate exact evidence and carefully limited wording.
Interpretation Limits
- Provision verses do not guarantee wealth through recitation.
- Jinn references do not support occult services.
- Punishment narratives should not be mapped to modern disasters.
- The purpose verse should not erase work, family and social responsibilities.
- Created pairs should not be overextended into claims beyond the text.
- Provision verses do not guarantee wealth or remove duties of work, planning, charity, and justice.
- Poverty and unemployment must not be blamed on weak faith or insufficient recitation.
- Angelic guests and unseen details must not be embellished beyond the text.