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Surah 61 · Medinan · 14 Verses

الصف

SURAH AS-SAF

The Ranks

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بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

1

سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ

Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth exalts Allāh,1681 and He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.

  1. [1681] See footnote to 57:1.

Word by Word
سَبَّحَGlorifiessabbaḥa
لِلَّهِAllahlillahi
مَاwhatever
فِى(is) in
ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِthe heavensl-samāwāti
وَمَاand whateverwamā
فِى(is) in
ٱلْأَرْضِthe earthl-arḍi
وَهُوَAnd Hewahuwa
ٱلْعَزِيزُ(is) the All-Mightyl-ʿazīzu
ٱلْحَكِيمُthe All-Wisel-ḥakīmu
2

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لِمَ تَقُولُونَ مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ

O you who have believed, why do you say what you do not do?

Word by Word
يَٰٓأَيُّهَاOyāayyuhā
ٱلَّذِينَ(you) whoalladhīna
ءَامَنُوا۟believeāmanū
لِمَWhylima
تَقُولُونَ(do) you saytaqūlūna
مَاwhat
لَاnot
تَفْعَلُونَyou dotafʿalūna
3

كَبُرَ مَقْتًا عِندَ ٱللَّهِ أَن تَقُولُوا۟ مَا لَا تَفْعَلُونَ

Greatly hateful in the sight of Allāh is that you say what you do not do.

Word by Word
كَبُرَGreat iskabura
مَقْتًاhatredmaqtan
عِندَwithʿinda
ٱللَّهِAllahl-lahi
أَنthatan
تَقُولُوا۟you saytaqūlū
مَاwhat
لَاnot
تَفْعَلُونَyou dotafʿalūna
4

إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُقَٰتِلُونَ فِى سَبِيلِهِۦ صَفًّۭا كَأَنَّهُم بُنْيَٰنٌۭ مَّرْصُوصٌۭ

Indeed, Allāh loves those who fight in His cause in a row as though they are a [single] structure joined firmly.

Word by Word
إِنَّIndeedinna
ٱللَّهَAllahl-laha
يُحِبُّlovesyuḥibbu
ٱلَّذِينَthose whoalladhīna
يُقَٰتِلُونَfightyuqātilūna
فِىin
سَبِيلِهِۦHis Waysabīlihi
صَفًّۭا(in) a rowṣaffan
كَأَنَّهُمas if theyka-annahum
بُنْيَٰنٌۭ(were) a structurebun'yānun
مَّرْصُوصٌۭjoined firmlymarṣūṣun
5

وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِۦ يَٰقَوْمِ لِمَ تُؤْذُونَنِى وَقَد تَّعْلَمُونَ أَنِّى رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ ۖ فَلَمَّا زَاغُوٓا۟ أَزَاغَ ٱللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِى ٱلْقَوْمَ ٱلْفَٰسِقِينَ

And [mention, O Muḥammad], when Moses said to his people, "O my people, why do you harm me while you certainly know that I am the messenger of Allāh to you?" And when they deviated, Allāh caused their hearts to deviate. And Allāh does not guide the defiantly disobedient people.

Word by Word
وَإِذْAnd whenwa-idh
قَالَsaidqāla
مُوسَىٰMusamūsā
لِقَوْمِهِۦto his peopleliqawmihi
يَٰقَوْمِO my peopleyāqawmi
لِمَWhylima
تُؤْذُونَنِىdo you hurt metu'dhūnanī
وَقَدwhile certainlywaqad
تَّعْلَمُونَyou knowtaʿlamūna
أَنِّىthat I amannī
رَسُولُ(the) Messengerrasūlu
ٱللَّهِ(of) Allahl-lahi
إِلَيْكُمْto youilaykum
فَلَمَّاThen whenfalammā
زَاغُوٓا۟they deviatedzāghū
أَزَاغَ(was caused to) deviateazāgha
ٱللَّهُ(by) Allahl-lahu
قُلُوبَهُمْtheir heartsqulūbahum
وَٱللَّهُAnd Allahwal-lahu
لَا(does) not
يَهْدِىguideyahdī
ٱلْقَوْمَthe peoplel-qawma
ٱلْفَٰسِقِينَthe defiantly disobedientl-fāsiqīna
6

وَإِذْ قَالَ عِيسَى ٱبْنُ مَرْيَمَ يَٰبَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ إِنِّى رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ إِلَيْكُم مُّصَدِّقًۭا لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَىَّ مِنَ ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةِ وَمُبَشِّرًۢا بِرَسُولٍۢ يَأْتِى مِنۢ بَعْدِى ٱسْمُهُۥٓ أَحْمَدُ ۖ فَلَمَّا جَآءَهُم بِٱلْبَيِّنَٰتِ قَالُوا۟ هَٰذَا سِحْرٌۭ مُّبِينٌۭ

And [mention] when Jesus, the son of Mary, said, "O Children of Israel, indeed I am the messenger of Allāh to you confirming what came before me of the Torah and bringing good tidings of a messenger to come after me, whose name is Aḥmad."1682 But when he came to them with clear evidences, they said, "This is obvious magic."1683

  1. [1682] Another name of Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ).
  2. [1683] i.e., fraud or deception.

Word by Word
وَإِذْAnd whenwa-idh
قَالَsaidqāla
عِيسَىIsaʿīsā
ٱبْنُsonub'nu
مَرْيَمَ(of) Maryammaryama
يَٰبَنِىٓO Childrenyābanī
إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ(of) Israelis'rāīla
إِنِّىIndeed, I aminnī
رَسُولُ(the) Messengerrasūlu
ٱللَّهِ(of) Allahl-lahi
إِلَيْكُمto youilaykum
مُّصَدِّقًۭاconfirmingmuṣaddiqan
لِّمَاthat whichlimā
بَيْنَ(was) betweenbayna
يَدَىَّmy handsyadayya
مِنَofmina
ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةِthe Tauratl-tawrāti
وَمُبَشِّرًۢاand bringing glad tidingswamubashiran
بِرَسُولٍۢ(of) a Messengerbirasūlin
يَأْتِىto comeyatī
مِنۢfrommin
بَعْدِىafter mebaʿdī
ٱسْمُهُۥٓwhose name (will be)us'muhu
أَحْمَدُAhmadaḥmadu
فَلَمَّاBut whenfalammā
جَآءَهُمhe came to themjāahum
بِٱلْبَيِّنَٰتِwith clear proofsbil-bayināti
قَالُوا۟they saidqālū
هَٰذَاThishādhā
سِحْرٌۭ(is) a magicsiḥ'run
مُّبِينٌۭclearmubīnun
7

وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ ٱفْتَرَىٰ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ ٱلْكَذِبَ وَهُوَ يُدْعَىٰٓ إِلَى ٱلْإِسْلَٰمِ ۚ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِى ٱلْقَوْمَ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ

And who is more unjust than one who invents about Allāh untruth while he is being invited to Islām. And Allāh does not guide the wrongdoing people.

Word by Word
وَمَنْAnd whowaman
أَظْلَمُ(is) more wrongaẓlamu
مِمَّنِthan (one) whomimmani
ٱفْتَرَىٰinventsif'tarā
عَلَىuponʿalā
ٱللَّهِAllahl-lahi
ٱلْكَذِبَthe liel-kadhiba
وَهُوَwhile hewahuwa
يُدْعَىٰٓis invitedyud'ʿā
إِلَىtoilā
ٱلْإِسْلَٰمِIslaml-is'lāmi
وَٱللَّهُAnd Allahwal-lahu
لَا(does) not
يَهْدِىguideyahdī
ٱلْقَوْمَthe peoplel-qawma
ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ[the] wrongdoersl-ẓālimīna
8

يُرِيدُونَ لِيُطْفِـُٔوا۟ نُورَ ٱللَّهِ بِأَفْوَٰهِهِمْ وَٱللَّهُ مُتِمُّ نُورِهِۦ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ ٱلْكَٰفِرُونَ

They want to extinguish the light of Allāh with their mouths, but Allāh will perfect His light, although the disbelievers dislike it.

Word by Word
يُرِيدُونَThey intendyurīdūna
لِيُطْفِـُٔوا۟to put outliyuṭ'fiū
نُورَ(the) lightnūra
ٱللَّهِ(of) Allahl-lahi
بِأَفْوَٰهِهِمْwith their mouthsbi-afwāhihim
وَٱللَّهُbut Allahwal-lahu
مُتِمُّwill perfectmutimmu
نُورِهِۦHis Lightnūrihi
وَلَوْalthoughwalaw
كَرِهَdislikekariha
ٱلْكَٰفِرُونَthe disbelieversl-kāfirūna
9

هُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُۥ بِٱلْهُدَىٰ وَدِينِ ٱلْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُۥ عَلَى ٱلدِّينِ كُلِّهِۦ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ ٱلْمُشْرِكُونَ

It is He who sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth to manifest it over all religion, although those who associate others with Allāh dislike it.

Word by Word
هُوَHehuwa
ٱلَّذِىٓ(is) the One Whoalladhī
أَرْسَلَsentarsala
رَسُولَهُۥHis Messengerrasūlahu
بِٱلْهُدَىٰwith guidancebil-hudā
وَدِينِand (the) religionwadīni
ٱلْحَقِّ(of) the truthl-ḥaqi
لِيُظْهِرَهُۥto make it prevailliyuẓ'hirahu
عَلَىoverʿalā
ٱلدِّينِthe religionl-dīni
كُلِّهِۦall of themkullihi
وَلَوْalthoughwalaw
كَرِهَdislike (it)kariha
ٱلْمُشْرِكُونَthe polytheistsl-mush'rikūna
10

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ هَلْ أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَىٰ تِجَٰرَةٍۢ تُنجِيكُم مِّنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍۢ

O you who have believed, shall I guide you to a transaction that will save you from a painful punishment?

Word by Word
يَٰٓأَيُّهَاOyāayyuhā
ٱلَّذِينَ(you) whoalladhīna
ءَامَنُوا۟believeāmanū
هَلْShallhal
أَدُلُّكُمْI guide youadullukum
عَلَىٰtoʿalā
تِجَٰرَةٍۢa transactiontijāratin
تُنجِيكُم(that) will save youtunjīkum
مِّنْfrommin
عَذَابٍa punishmentʿadhābin
أَلِيمٍۢpainfulalīmin
11

تُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَتُجَٰهِدُونَ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ بِأَمْوَٰلِكُمْ وَأَنفُسِكُمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌۭ لَّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ

[It is that] you believe in Allāh and His Messenger and strive in the cause of Allāh with your wealth and your lives. That is best for you, if you only knew.

Word by Word
تُؤْمِنُونَBelievetu'minūna
بِٱللَّهِin Allahbil-lahi
وَرَسُولِهِۦand His Messengerwarasūlihi
وَتُجَٰهِدُونَand strivewatujāhidūna
فِىin
سَبِيلِ(the) waysabīli
ٱللَّهِ(of) Allahl-lahi
بِأَمْوَٰلِكُمْwith your wealthbi-amwālikum
وَأَنفُسِكُمْand your liveswa-anfusikum
ذَٰلِكُمْThatdhālikum
خَيْرٌۭ(is) betterkhayrun
لَّكُمْfor youlakum
إِنifin
كُنتُمْyoukuntum
تَعْلَمُونَknowtaʿlamūna
12

يَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْ وَيُدْخِلْكُمْ جَنَّٰتٍۢ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ وَمَسَٰكِنَ طَيِّبَةًۭ فِى جَنَّٰتِ عَدْنٍۢ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلْفَوْزُ ٱلْعَظِيمُ

He will forgive for you your sins and admit you to gardens beneath which rivers flow and pleasant dwellings in gardens of perpetual residence. That is the great attainment.

Word by Word
يَغْفِرْHe will forgiveyaghfir
لَكُمْfor youlakum
ذُنُوبَكُمْyour sinsdhunūbakum
وَيُدْخِلْكُمْand admit youwayud'khil'kum
جَنَّٰتٍۢ(in) Gardensjannātin
تَجْرِىflowtajrī
مِنfrommin
تَحْتِهَاunderneath ittaḥtihā
ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُthe riversl-anhāru
وَمَسَٰكِنَand dwellingswamasākina
طَيِّبَةًۭpleasantṭayyibatan
فِىin
جَنَّٰتِGardensjannāti
عَدْنٍۢ(of) Eternityʿadnin
ذَٰلِكَThatdhālika
ٱلْفَوْزُ(is) the successl-fawzu
ٱلْعَظِيمُthe greatl-ʿaẓīmu
13

وَأُخْرَىٰ تُحِبُّونَهَا ۖ نَصْرٌۭ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَفَتْحٌۭ قَرِيبٌۭ ۗ وَبَشِّرِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ

And [you will obtain] another [favor] that you love - victory from Allāh and an imminent conquest; and give good tidings to the believers.

Word by Word
وَأُخْرَىٰAnd anotherwa-ukh'rā
تُحِبُّونَهَاthat you lovetuḥibbūnahā
نَصْرٌۭa helpnaṣrun
مِّنَfrommina
ٱللَّهِAllahl-lahi
وَفَتْحٌۭand a victorywafatḥun
قَرِيبٌۭnearqarībun
وَبَشِّرِand give glad tidingswabashiri
ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ(to) the believersl-mu'minīna
14

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ كُونُوٓا۟ أَنصَارَ ٱللَّهِ كَمَا قَالَ عِيسَى ٱبْنُ مَرْيَمَ لِلْحَوَارِيِّۦنَ مَنْ أَنصَارِىٓ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ ۖ قَالَ ٱلْحَوَارِيُّونَ نَحْنُ أَنصَارُ ٱللَّهِ ۖ فَـَٔامَنَت طَّآئِفَةٌۭ مِّنۢ بَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ وَكَفَرَت طَّآئِفَةٌۭ ۖ فَأَيَّدْنَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ عَلَىٰ عَدُوِّهِمْ فَأَصْبَحُوا۟ ظَٰهِرِينَ

O you who have believed, be supporters of Allāh, as when Jesus, the son of Mary, said to the disciples, "Who are my supporters for Allāh?" The disciples said, "We are supporters of Allāh." And a faction of the Children of Israel believed and a faction disbelieved. So We supported those who believed against their enemy, and they became dominant.

Word by Word
يَٰٓأَيُّهَاO youyāayyuhā
ٱلَّذِينَwhoalladhīna
ءَامَنُوا۟believeāmanū
كُونُوٓا۟Bekūnū
أَنصَارَhelpersanṣāra
ٱللَّهِ(of) Allahl-lahi
كَمَاaskamā
قَالَsaidqāla
عِيسَىIsaʿīsā
ٱبْنُsonub'nu
مَرْيَمَ(of) Maryammaryama
لِلْحَوَارِيِّۦنَto the discipleslil'ḥawāriyyīna
مَنْWhoman
أَنصَارِىٓ(are) my helpersanṣārī
إِلَىforilā
ٱللَّهِAllahl-lahi
قَالَSaidqāla
ٱلْحَوَارِيُّونَthe disciplesl-ḥawāriyūna
نَحْنُWenaḥnu
أَنصَارُ(are) the helpersanṣāru
ٱللَّهِ(of) Allahl-lahi
فَـَٔامَنَتThen believedfaāmanat
طَّآئِفَةٌۭa groupṭāifatun
مِّنۢofmin
بَنِىٓChildrenbanī
إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ(of) Israelis'rāīla
وَكَفَرَتand disbelievedwakafarat
طَّآئِفَةٌۭa groupṭāifatun
فَأَيَّدْنَاSo We supportedfa-ayyadnā
ٱلَّذِينَthose whoalladhīna
ءَامَنُوا۟believedāmanū
عَلَىٰagainstʿalā
عَدُوِّهِمْtheir enemyʿaduwwihim
فَأَصْبَحُوا۟and they becamefa-aṣbaḥū
ظَٰهِرِينَdominantẓāhirīna

About This Surah

Surah As-Saff condemns the gap between what people say and what they do. It praises disciplined collective commitment, recalls communities that harmed Moses and describes Jesus confirming the Torah and announcing a messenger after him. The chapter ends by asking believers to become supporters of God’s cause, as the disciples supported Jesus.

The opening asks why believers say what they do not do and states that this inconsistency is deeply disliked. The principle applies broadly to personal and institutional integrity.

The image of people standing in a solid row is often read in relation to disciplined struggle. It should not be used as a private military slogan. Collective order belongs within lawful authority and ethical purpose.

Moses asks why his people harm him despite knowing he is a messenger. Their persistent deviation is linked to hearts turning away. This should not become a claim that every disagreement leads to divine abandonment.

Jesus identifies himself as a messenger confirming the Torah and giving good news of a messenger named Ahmad after him. Muslim interpretive tradition connects this with Muhammad. Interfaith presentation should state the Quranic claim accurately while avoiding fabricated quotations or hostile caricatures of Christian scripture.

The chapter criticizes those who try to extinguish divine light and asks whether believers want a trade that saves them: faith and committed effort. This “trade” is a moral metaphor, not a financial return scheme.

The disciples’ response to Jesus becomes the closing example of supporting God’s cause. The surah calls for integrity between claim and participation.

The call to stand in ranks belongs to organized communal struggle and cannot authorize private violence. Jesus’ announcement of a messenger named Ahmad is a Quranic theological claim that should be presented without caricaturing Christian scripture or communities. The saving “trade” of faith and striving is a moral metaphor, not a guaranteed commercial-return or political-victory formula.

Core Themes

  • Speech should match action.
  • Collective work requires discipline.
  • Harming messengers can involve knowing rejection.
  • Prophetic missions connect across history.
  • Religious commitment demands contribution.
  • Support for God’s cause means serving truth, not divine need.

Structure

Verses 1-4: Words, action and disciplined unity1-4

This section develops words, action and disciplined unity across verses 1-4. Its sequence and relationship to the rest of Surah As-Saff should govern interpretation rather than an isolated phrase or slogan.

Verses 5-9: Moses, Jesus and the completion of divine light5-9

This section develops moses, jesus and the completion of divine light across verses 5-9. Its sequence and relationship to the rest of Surah As-Saff should govern interpretation rather than an isolated phrase or slogan.

Verses 10-14: Saving trade and supporters of God10-14

This section develops saving trade and supporters of god across verses 10-14. Its sequence and relationship to the rest of Surah As-Saff should govern interpretation rather than an isolated phrase or slogan.

Reading Guide

Reading step 1

Apply the opening to institutions as well as individuals. Keep the immediate verse sequence, the surah’s full argument, and the visible safety limits together during application.

Reading step 2

Keep military imagery within legal and historical boundaries. Keep the immediate verse sequence, the surah’s full argument, and the visible safety limits together during application.

Reading step 3

Present Jesus/Ahmad as a Quranic theological claim. Keep the immediate verse sequence, the surah’s full argument, and the visible safety limits together during application.

Reading step 4

Do not invent external textual proof. Keep the immediate verse sequence, the surah’s full argument, and the visible safety limits together during application.

Key Passages

Saying without doing 2-3

This passage addresses saying without doing. Read verses 2-3 within their immediate sequence and the chapter’s wider purpose; nearby qualifications and transitions remain part of the meaning. The wording does not independently create a personalized legal ruling, diagnosis, private punishment power, or guaranteed worldly outcome.

Disciplined rows 4

This passage addresses disciplined rows. Read verses 4 within their immediate sequence and the chapter’s wider purpose; nearby qualifications and transitions remain part of the meaning. The wording does not independently create a personalized legal ruling, diagnosis, private punishment power, or guaranteed worldly outcome.

Moses harmed by his people 5

This passage addresses Moses harmed by his people. Read verses 5 within their immediate sequence and the chapter’s wider purpose; nearby qualifications and transitions remain part of the meaning. The wording does not independently create a personalized legal ruling, diagnosis, private punishment power, or guaranteed worldly outcome.

Jesus and Ahmad 6

This passage addresses Jesus and Ahmad. Read verses 6 within their immediate sequence and the chapter’s wider purpose; nearby qualifications and transitions remain part of the meaning. The wording does not independently create a personalized legal ruling, diagnosis, private punishment power, or guaranteed worldly outcome.

Divine light and mission 8-9

This passage addresses divine light and mission. Read verses 8-9 within their immediate sequence and the chapter’s wider purpose; nearby qualifications and transitions remain part of the meaning. The wording does not independently create a personalized legal ruling, diagnosis, private punishment power, or guaranteed worldly outcome.

Saving trade 10-13

This passage addresses saving trade. Read verses 10-13 within their immediate sequence and the chapter’s wider purpose; nearby qualifications and transitions remain part of the meaning. The wording does not independently create a personalized legal ruling, diagnosis, private punishment power, or guaranteed worldly outcome.

Disciples as supporters 14

This passage addresses disciples as supporters. Read verses 14 within their immediate sequence and the chapter’s wider purpose; nearby qualifications and transitions remain part of the meaning. The wording does not independently create a personalized legal ruling, diagnosis, private punishment power, or guaranteed worldly outcome.

Recitation Note

No exclusive time, fixed repetition count, or guaranteed worldly outcome is asserted here for reciting Surah As-Saff. Reading it is worship and study; any claim about protection, healing, provision, family outcomes, or a prescribed number requires separate exact evidence and narrow wording.

Interpretation Limits

  • The row image does not authorize private warfare.
  • Interfaith claims require respectful, accurate wording.
  • No fabricated Gospel quotation should be used.
  • “Trade” does not promise material profit.
  • Modern groups should not claim exclusive divine endorsement without evidence.
  • Rank and conflict language does not authorize private warfare, militias, terrorism, or attacks on civilians.
  • The reference to Ahmad should be stated as a Quranic claim without harassment or caricature of Christians.
  • The saving-trade metaphor must not become a guaranteed financial, military, or political outcome.

Quick Links

Sources