Surah 55 · Medinan · 78 Verses
الرحمن
SURAH AR-RAHMAN
The Most Merciful
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بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
ٱلرَّحْمَٰنُ
The Most Merciful
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عَلَّمَ ٱلْقُرْءَانَ
Taught the Qur’ān,
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خَلَقَ ٱلْإِنسَٰنَ
Created man,
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عَلَّمَهُ ٱلْبَيَانَ
[And] taught him eloquence.
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ٱلشَّمْسُ وَٱلْقَمَرُ بِحُسْبَانٍۢ
The sun and the moon [move] by precise calculation,
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وَٱلنَّجْمُ وَٱلشَّجَرُ يَسْجُدَانِ
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وَٱلسَّمَآءَ رَفَعَهَا وَوَضَعَ ٱلْمِيزَانَ
And the heaven He raised and imposed the balance
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أَلَّا تَطْغَوْا۟ فِى ٱلْمِيزَانِ
That you not transgress within the balance.
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وَأَقِيمُوا۟ ٱلْوَزْنَ بِٱلْقِسْطِ وَلَا تُخْسِرُوا۟ ٱلْمِيزَانَ
And establish weight in justice and do not make deficient the balance.
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وَٱلْأَرْضَ وَضَعَهَا لِلْأَنَامِ
And the earth He laid [out] for the creatures.
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فِيهَا فَٰكِهَةٌۭ وَٱلنَّخْلُ ذَاتُ ٱلْأَكْمَامِ
Therein is fruit and palm trees having sheaths [of dates]
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وَٱلْحَبُّ ذُو ٱلْعَصْفِ وَٱلرَّيْحَانُ
And grain having husks and scented plants.
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فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
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خَلَقَ ٱلْإِنسَٰنَ مِن صَلْصَٰلٍۢ كَٱلْفَخَّارِ
He created man from clay like [that of] pottery.
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وَخَلَقَ ٱلْجَآنَّ مِن مَّارِجٍۢ مِّن نَّارٍۢ
And He created the jinn from a smokeless flame of fire.
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فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?
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رَبُّ ٱلْمَشْرِقَيْنِ وَرَبُّ ٱلْمَغْرِبَيْنِ
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فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?
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بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخٌۭ لَّا يَبْغِيَانِ
Between them is a barrier so neither of them transgresses.
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فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?
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يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُمَا ٱللُّؤْلُؤُ وَٱلْمَرْجَانُ
From both of them emerge pearl and coral.
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فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?
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وَلَهُ ٱلْجَوَارِ ٱلْمُنشَـَٔاتُ فِى ٱلْبَحْرِ كَٱلْأَعْلَٰمِ
And to Him belong the ships [with sails] elevated in the sea like mountains.
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فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?
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كُلُّ مَنْ عَلَيْهَا فَانٍۢ
Everyone upon it [i.e., the earth] will perish,
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وَيَبْقَىٰ وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو ٱلْجَلَٰلِ وَٱلْإِكْرَامِ
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فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?
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يَسْـَٔلُهُۥ مَن فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ هُوَ فِى شَأْنٍۢ
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فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?
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فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?
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يَٰمَعْشَرَ ٱلْجِنِّ وَٱلْإِنسِ إِنِ ٱسْتَطَعْتُمْ أَن تَنفُذُوا۟ مِنْ أَقْطَارِ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ فَٱنفُذُوا۟ ۚ لَا تَنفُذُونَ إِلَّا بِسُلْطَٰنٍۢ
O company of jinn and mankind, if you are able to pass beyond the regions of the heavens and the earth, then pass. You will not pass except by authority [from Allāh].
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فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?
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يُرْسَلُ عَلَيْكُمَا شُوَاظٌۭ مِّن نَّارٍۢ وَنُحَاسٌۭ فَلَا تَنتَصِرَانِ
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فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?
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فَإِذَا ٱنشَقَّتِ ٱلسَّمَآءُ فَكَانَتْ وَرْدَةًۭ كَٱلدِّهَانِ
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فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny? -
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فَيَوْمَئِذٍۢ لَّا يُسْـَٔلُ عَن ذَنۢبِهِۦٓ إِنسٌۭ وَلَا جَآنٌّۭ
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فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?
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يُعْرَفُ ٱلْمُجْرِمُونَ بِسِيمَٰهُمْ فَيُؤْخَذُ بِٱلنَّوَٰصِى وَٱلْأَقْدَامِ
The criminals will be known by their marks, and they will be seized by the forelocks and the feet.
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فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?
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هَٰذِهِۦ جَهَنَّمُ ٱلَّتِى يُكَذِّبُ بِهَا ٱلْمُجْرِمُونَ
This is Hell, which the criminals deny.
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يَطُوفُونَ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ حَمِيمٍ ءَانٍۢ
They will circulate between it and scalding water, heated [to the utmost degree].
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فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?
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وَلِمَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِۦ جَنَّتَانِ
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فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny? -
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ذَوَاتَآ أَفْنَانٍۢ
Having [spreading] branches.
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فَبِأَىِّ ءَالَآءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
So which of the favors of your Lord would you deny?
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فِيهِمَا عَيْنَانِ تَجْرِيَانِ
In both of them are two springs, flowing.
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About This Surah
Surah Ar-Rahman presents divine mercy through revelation, creation, balance, provision, judgment, and the gardens promised to those who stand in awe of their Lord. Its repeated question—addressed to humans and jinn—turns description into moral examination: which of the Lord’s favors will be denied? The repetition is not decorative; it asks readers to answer abundance and warning with recognition, gratitude, and accountability.
Ar-Rahman opens with the divine name “The Most Merciful,” then immediately links mercy with teaching the Quran, creating the human being, and teaching expression. The sun, moon, stars, trees, sky, and earth appear in ordered relationships. The command not to transgress the balance connects cosmic order with human fairness: measured creation calls for just conduct.
The surah names fruits, grain, seas, pearls, ships, and the dependence of every creature. Its recurring question addresses both humans and jinn, refusing to let gifts become invisible through familiarity. The refrain also follows warnings, because truthful recognition includes accountability as well as comfort.
A central passage declares that everything on earth passes away while the majestic and generous presence of the Lord remains. Dependence is continuous: all in the heavens and earth ask of Him, and divine action is not exhausted. The surah then shifts toward judgment, challenging humans and jinn to escape the bounds of creation if they can.
The final movement describes gardens, springs, fruits, shade, and honor in paired scenes. These images should be read as Quranic promises of the hereafter, not converted into detailed visual reconstructions beyond the text. The chapter closes by blessing the name of the Lord of majesty and generosity.
Mercy in Ar-Rahman is therefore neither sentiment nor permission to ignore justice. It encompasses revelation, intelligibility, sustenance, balance, warning, judgment, and promised reward. The repeated refrain trains the reader to recognize each dimension without selecting only the pleasant ones.
Core Themes
- Mercy expressed through revelation and creation
- Cosmic balance joined to honest measure
- Human and jinn accountability before shared signs
- Created dependence and divine permanence
- Judgment followed by promised gardens
Structure
Verses 1–13: mercy, teaching, and balance — 1-13
The opening joins the Quran, human creation, expression, celestial order, and the balanced scale. The first refrain asks humans and jinn to recognize these foundations rather than treating them as ordinary.
Verses 14–30: creation, seas, and dependence — 14-30
Human and jinn origins, the two seas, pearls, ships, mortality, and continual need display both variety and dependence. The Lord’s permanence stands against the passing character of creation.
Verses 31–45: summons and judgment — 31-45
Humans and jinn are addressed together, challenged by the limits of creation, and confronted with judgment. The refrain now follows warnings, showing that accountability also belongs to truthful recognition.
Verses 46–78: gardens and final blessing — 46-78
Two pairs of garden descriptions present shade, springs, fruits, rest, and honor for those who fear standing before their Lord. The surah ends by blessing the divine name of majesty and generosity.
Reading Guide
Ask what each refrain follows
Mark whether the repeated question comes after revelation, creation, provision, mortality, judgment, or reward. Its changing context prevents a flat reading and shows that favors include warning and moral order.
Connect balance with human conduct
Verses 7–9 move from the raised sky and established balance to the command not to cheat the measure. Read cosmic order and commercial fairness together without claiming the passage supplies a complete economic code.
Keep unseen descriptions within the text
The judgment and garden passages communicate real Quranic promises and warnings. Avoid adding speculative maps, measurements, or sensory details that the surah itself does not provide.
Key Passages
Mercy teaches and establishes balance — 1-13
The Quran, human creation, language, ordered heavens, and fair measure are presented as connected signs. Mercy includes both gifts and the ethical demand not to violate balance. Its placement in the chapter connects the preceding argument with the response that follows, so the surrounding verses should remain in view.
Creation passes; the Lord remains — 26-30
Mortality is placed beside divine majesty, generosity, and continual response to creaturely need. The passage interrupts any illusion that visible abundance makes creation independent. The surrounding verses define both its immediate purpose and the limits that prevent a careless or overbroad modern application.
The limits of created power — 33-36
Humans and jinn are challenged regarding the bounds of the heavens and earth. The passage emphasizes dependence and divine authority, not a technological prediction. Read this language within the chapter’s full movement before drawing broader theological, legal, or devotional conclusions from a single passage.
Two gardens for reverent accountability — 46-61
The first garden sequence connects promised beauty with fearing the standing before one’s Lord. Reward is not detached from moral awareness and final accountability. Its force depends on the contrast and progression established around it, not on treating the selected lines as a detached slogan.
Recitation Note
No exclusive day, night, fixed count, or guaranteed worldly outcome is established in this pilot for reciting Surah Ar-Rahman. Readers may recite and reflect on it as Quran, but claims about healing, marriage, provision, or protection require separate exact evidence and are not made here.
Interpretation Limits
- References to jinn and judgment should not be expanded into paranormal advice or claims of private contact.
- Descriptions of the gardens should not be supplemented with invented details presented as revelation.
- The balance passage offers an ethical principle but is not, by itself, a complete contemporary legal or financial ruling.